The Dengue IgG & IgM Antibody Test is a blood test used to detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to dengue virus infection. It can help healthcare professionals assess suspected dengue infection alongside symptoms, the day of illness, and other test results.
What Do Dengue IgM and IgG Mean?
Dengue IgM Antibody
- Usually becomes detectable several days after symptoms begin.
- May support the assessment of a recent dengue infection.
- Can remain detectable for weeks or longer after infection.
Dengue IgG Antibody
- May appear later during a primary infection.
- Can appear earlier and at higher levels during a secondary dengue infection.
- May remain detectable for months or years after infection.
Why Is the Dengue IgG & IgM Test Recommended?
A healthcare professional may recommend this test to help:
- Evaluate suspected dengue infection based on the stage of illness.
- Investigate fever when dengue is clinically suspected.
- Assess antibody responses to possible recent or previous infection.
- Determine whether additional dengue testing is needed.
Sample Requirements
- Sample type: Blood, typically serum or plasma, depending on the test method.
- Fasting: Not required.
- Preparation: No special preparation is generally needed.
Understanding Your Results
- IgM reactive: May support recent dengue infection; clinical correlation is required.
- IgG reactive: May indicate previous exposure or a later-stage antibody response. It does not prove active infection on its own.
- IgM and IgG non-reactive: Does not exclude early dengue infection, as antibodies may not yet be detectable.
- Both reactive: May occur during a later stage of infection or a secondary infection; interpretation depends on clinical findings and timing.
Important Information
Dengue NS1 antigen testing or molecular testing may be more useful during the early phase of illness, while antibody testing becomes more useful as the illness progresses. Test selection depends on the day of symptoms and local clinical guidance.
Seek urgent medical care if warning signs develop, including severe abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, bleeding, unusual drowsiness, or breathing difficulty.
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