RPR / VDRL Test – Syphilis Screening

The RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin) Test and VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) Test are non-treponemal blood tests used to screen for syphilis and monitor response to treatment.

Syphilis is an infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Early detection and appropriate medical treatment can help prevent complications.

What Is the Difference Between RPR and VDRL?

• RPR Test: A non-treponemal screening test commonly used for syphilis detection and treatment monitoring.
• VDRL Test: Another non-treponemal test used for screening and monitoring. It is also used on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in selected investigations when neurosyphilis is suspected.

Both tests detect antibodies associated with tissue damage rather than antibodies that specifically identify the bacterium. Reactive results may require a confirmatory treponemal test.

Why Is the Test Recommended?

A healthcare professional may recommend RPR or VDRL testing to help:

• Screen for suspected syphilis infection
• Investigate possible exposure
• Support evaluation during pregnancy when indicated
• Monitor response to syphilis treatment using quantitative titres

Sample Requirements

• Sample type: Blood, typically serum.
• Fasting: Not required.
• Preparation: No special preparation is usually needed.

Understanding Your Results

• Non-reactive: No reactivity was detected. Very early infection may still produce a negative result.
• Reactive: Requires clinical assessment and, generally, confirmatory treponemal testing.
• Quantitative titre: May be used to monitor treatment response when indicated.

False-positive results can occur, and interpretation depends on clinical history, previous treatment, and additional tests.

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