The HIV 1 & 2 Test is a laboratory screening test used to detect evidence of infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) types 1 and 2. HIV affects the immune system, particularly CD4 cells, which help the body fight infections.
The specific targets detected depend on the test method. Some tests detect antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2, while fourth-generation tests detect HIV antibodies and the p24 antigen.
What Does the HIV 1 & 2 Test Help With?
- HIV Screening: Identifies evidence of HIV infection according to the test method.
- Clinical Assessment: Supports further evaluation when a screening result is reactive.
- Preventive Healthcare: May be recommended as part of routine screening or after a potential exposure.
- Follow-up Testing: Helps guide the next steps according to current testing guidelines.
Sample Requirements
- Sample type: Blood; serum, plasma, or whole blood depending on the validated test method.
- Fasting: Not required.
- Preparation: No special preparation is generally needed.
Understanding Your Results
- Non-reactive: No HIV markers were detected by the test at that time. Recent exposure may require repeat testing because of the window period.
- Reactive: Requires follow-up testing according to the recommended HIV diagnostic algorithm. A reactive screening result alone does not establish an HIV diagnosis.
- Invalid: The test may need to be repeated with a fresh sample.
Important Information
Different HIV tests have different window periods. If a potential exposure occurred recently, consult a qualified healthcare professional about the appropriate test and timing. Do not delay urgent medical advice after a recent potential exposure, because HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) must be started as soon as possible and no later than 72 hours after exposure.
All testing should be handled confidentially and in accordance with applicable testing and consent guidelines.
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